Abstract

Gayaki in sitar was historically associated with Ustad Vilayat Khan and the Etawah gharana. However, its influence has now expanded across all sitar traditions. This study aims to explore the use of gayaki in sitar music from various gharanas beyond those traditionally known for playing gayaki ang. The research involved collecting audio samples from performances by artists across different sitar traditions. The methodology included manual listening and transcription of the audio samples, followed by a detailed analysis of structural patterns and stylistic nuances. The study found that complex phrasing and expressive techniques are essential for creating the vocal-like quality of gayaki ang in sitar performances. A comparative analysis across different gharanas revealed the widespread integration of gayaki ang while preserving each tradition's distinctive attributes. The findings highlight the lasting impact of gayaki ang on sitar music, emphasizing its vital role in shaping the emotive and artistic richness of performances. Additionally, the research underscores the ongoing evolution and innovation within the sitar tradition as musicians skillfully combine technical proficiency with emotional depth, contributing to the expansion of the sitar's musical language and offering new insights into the changing landscape of Indian classical music.